Oil floats on the surface because water is heavier than oil. Scientists say that water is more dense than oil. Then slowly pour about 15 mL of alcohol on top. The oil and water remain in their respective upper and lower containers. Additives are used to change density and viscosity and to control filtrate losses. Explore the science of electricity and circuits while turning your body into a human conductor of electricity. Density is determined most accurately in the laboratory on a representative sample of formation water.. Electronic densiometers can quickly determine the density with accuracy of +/−0.00001 g/cm 3 over a wide range of temperatures, although most oilfield data are … In the Density vs temperature figure(°C), you se that the brown line represent this lubricating oil. We will need a tall glass cup, honey, water, coconut oil and food colouring, Step 1: Pour a one-quarter cup of honey, Step 2: Pour a one-quarter cup of coloured water gently on top of the honey. mass density of kerosene is less than that of water. Note: If you would like the liquids to be more visible, add 1 drop of food coloring to the water and another drop of a different color to the alcohol. The candle will float on water and sink in alcohol. Students can use the smaller version of the same balance, Delta Education, Primary Balance (12-inch), Product #WW020-0452. When you set the water container above the oil container and remove the card, the water sinks and the oil floats. Pour 20 mL of water into the graduated cylinder. Record the mass of 20 mL of water in the chart. One of the least expensive is Delta Education Primary Balance (21-inch) Product #WW020-0452 (21-inch). Hold it firmly in place. Record the density in g/cm. Our most popular science fair experiment. The specific gravity of all other materials are compared to water as a fraction heavier or … Download the student activity sheet, and distribute one per student when specified in the activity. Explore the science of polymers. Fill the container to the brim with vegetable oil. 1. Finding Volume—The Water Displacement Method. Slowly and gently remove the playing card. deg. Online calculator. Oil is less dense than water and floats on top of the water. Water-based drilling fluids use water as the continuous phase. You may choose to do the following either as a demonstration or as an activity that students can do. The colored lines in Figure 1B show the API data superimposed on the original graph. The density of oil varies with API gravity of oil and the temperature conditions of the surroundings. Touch the probes to make a human circuit! That happens when you separate the glasses even a little. But they also contain an oxygen atom, which makes them a little heavy. The density of a liquid determines whether it will float on or sink in another liquid. Specific gravity of a liquid is the ratio of the density of the liquid at 60°F to the density of pure water. You want the oil (on top no matter what) to flow down the lower glass and into the tub. Recalculation of the density of oil for different temperature and pressure values. Place a tea light candle in a cup with water and another tea light candle in a cup with alcohol. Make snow in seconds! Record the mass in grams. 2. Density is the mass of a selected volume of matter (in this case olive oil and water). In an oil spill in the ocean, the oil rises to the top because it is less dense than water, creating an oil slick on the surface of the ocean. API gravity is related to the specific gravity by the following equation: The specific gravity of a gas is the ratio of the density of the gas to the density of air at standard conditions of temperature and pressure. When you add the food coloring to the oil it will not mix. Pour water into a clear tall plastic cup until it is about ½-filled. Now the Giant Energy Stick® is over 11 inches tall! Density of Water Experiment. Since the water is denser, the … 'Optically denser' doesn't mean having higher mass density. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: = where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume. These colored spheres are like Jelly Marbles, but they never lose their amazing color. Use this related reading to extend student comprehension after completing the lesson. Estimate oil density using Figure 1. The main requirements for an engine oil are defined temperature-viscosity properties, protection against wear and corrosion, keeping the engine clean, holding particles like soot or abrasives in suspension, yield strength under compression and many more. Alcohol is less dense than oil. The water and oil trade places! If the carrot does not float to the surface, add more salt and stir. The first state, known as dissolved water, is characterized by individual water molecules dispersed throughout the oil. They will predict the relative densities of the liquids and then measure their volume and mass to see if their calculations match their observations and predictions. The density of water, then, is one g/mL at 4 oC. This is why the petrol floats on water … Oil floats on the surface because water is heavier than oil. Both substances can be discerned by comparing their physical and chemical properties, as well as, their uses. Water colored 1 000 kg / m3 ; Edible oil 920 kg / m3 ; Lamp Oil 850 kg / m3; If the density is low, the liquid will float. Weigh the graduated cylinder with the water in it. Alcohol molecules are mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms so they are similar to oil. Fluid Name: Temp. Do the change with the second container of water on the top in a second tub. Project the image Alcohol Why does water sink in oil and alcohol float in oil? They trade places! Heavy oils and asphalt are dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). Kerosene oil is lighter than water and floats on water i.e. The pebble-size spheres grow into colored jelly marbles after you soak them in water for a few hours. The volume of your lubricating oil at … Discover how electrons flow through circuits. Tell students that molecules of oil are mostly made of carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded together. This time, turn the water container upside down and place it on top of the oil-filled container. (Basically, this means start over completely. The activity sheet will serve as the “Evaluate” component of each 5-E lesson plan. Oil and water just don't mix but they do provide for some amazing hands-on science. Energy density and the cost, weight, and size of onboard energy storage are important characteristics of fuels for transportation. 7901 Southpark Plaza, Suite 106Littleton, CO 80120. A liquid will sink if it is more dense than the liquid it is placed in. As the water is denser than oil it is found at the bottom while oil is found on the top of the water. (The comparison is good for the audience to see before you pull out the card.) Ice has a density of about 0.92 g/cm 3, which is why it floats in the oil layer. Alcohol floats on oil and water sinks in oil. Thanks! Are you loving this? Turn a bottle of soda & a roll of Mentos into an erupting geyser that will launch up to 30 feet! It's no coincidence that water has a density of 1. What happens? In other words, oil with a density greater than 1000 kg/m 3 or, equivalently, and a specific gravity greater than 1 and a reservoir viscosity of no more than 10,000 centipoises. This is why the oil always stays in the top container. They also are good for curing mud losses. The conversion from API gravity (oil field units) to relative gravity (relative to water) is: The conversion of oil relative gravity to oil density is: where: ρ w ≈ 62.37 lb∙m / ft 3 or 1000 kg / m 3 Add about 1 teaspoon of salt to the water and stir. Set the oil in place over the container holding the water. Leave the snow out to dry and reuse it again… and again. Also, food coloring only mixes with water. At 150°C the correction factor is 0.917. Carefully place the cups of water and alcohol on opposite ends of a balance. Continue to stir until the carrot floats to the surface of the salt water. Andrade’s method is based on the observation that the logarithm of viscosity plotted vs. reciprocal absolute temperature forms a linear relationship from somewhat above the normal boiling point to near the freezing point of the oil, as Fig. Food coloring is water-based so it mixes with the water. Activity guide included with 4 experiments! Make sure you and your students wear properly fitting goggles. Dissolved water in a lubricating oil is comparable to moisture in the air on a humid day - we know the water is there, but because it is dispersed molecule-by-molecule, it is too small to see. There’s no way not to make a mess with this activity either doing it on your own or in front of a crowd. Because of their shape and size, alcohol molecules do not pack as efficiently as oil molecules, making alcohol less dense than oil. "State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements for the density of oil. Yes, it’s a mess but it’s all for science! It ranges from 45 °API (light oil) through 20 °API (medium density) to 10 °API (heavy oil). Monday – Friday The density depends on what kind of liquid it is, and a smaller amount on the temperature and pressure. The demonstrations and activity work best with 91% isopropyl alcohol solution, which is available in many grocery stores and pharmacies. Look at the teacher version of the activity sheet to find the questions and answers. Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society. You can think of it, as an interaction between one volume oil and one volume water. Then, use the brown line in the Lubricating oil volume correction figure (Density@observed T/Density@15°C). As the ice melts and turns into liquid water, it becomes more dense than oil and drops down into the water layer. They don't mix in water and will float. When you do pull the card, the colorful swap takes place, and everybody cheers. (Read our tutorial: Density vs Relative Density) But optical density is not same as mass density. Usually the oil gravity is readily known. Students will be able to determine whether a liquid will sink or float in water by comparing its density to the density of water. That explains why oil spills on the ocean float on the surface and why throwing water on a grease fire is just going to make everything worse. There’s something very important about oil and water that you probably already know: oil doesn’t mix with water! This effect is dramatic but the science you demonstrate can get lost in the mess you’ll be making. Lift the oil container, turn it upside-down, and line it up directly over the water-filled container. Call: 303-798-2778 The Explain It with Atoms and Molecules and Take It Further sections of the activity sheet will either be completed as a class, in groups, or individually depending on your instructions. Keep it away from any flames or spark sources. Use the mass and volume of the water to calculate density. Estimate oil pressure gradient using the following formula: where: 1. Toll Free: 800-223-9080 Follow steps 2–5 for alcohol and then oil. The molecules of water can’t mix with the molecules of oil. Use a graduated cylinder to measure 50 mL of water and pour it into a clear plastic cup. If you’re in a performance setting and time matters, use four identical containers and fill two with oil and two with colored water in advance. To understand the density of water, let’s do a small experiment. Take It Further. So, 1g/1cm 3 = 1 g/cm 3, giving water its easy-to-remember density. If you see coloring in the oil, those are tiny droplets of water trapped in the oil. Includes easy-to-make nutrient agar. If you’re in a performance setting and time matters, use four identical containers and fill two with oil and two with colored water in … All rights reserved. Because vegetable oil is less dense it floats on top of water. Record the mass in grams in the chart on the activity sheet. They have a low solubility and a viscosity lower than, and density higher than, water. It does not color the oil at all. Water-based drilling fluids are cheap. Now, repeat the process. Water vs. Oil. Remove the candles from each liquid and tell students that each cup contains the same volume of liquid. Most oils have a density around 90% that of water. Use Color Fizzers to add bubbling fun color to your experiments! The American Chemical Society is dedicated to improving lives through Chemistry. It generally ranges from 0.91 to 0.93 gram per cubic centimeter when the temperature is between 15 and 25 degree Celsius. Water molecules are made up of oxygen and hydrogen atoms bonded together. NOTE: Before you do this, make sure you’re working in the large tub. For this reason, you might think that alcohol would be more dense than oil. Please consider taking a moment to share your feedback with us. This graph was compared with density-temperature data from Table D-1, API Publication 421, “Monographs on Refinery Environmental Control – Management of Water Discharges” (2). Oxygen is heavier and smaller than carbon, so a volume of water molecules is heavier than the same volume of oil molecules. Scientists say that water is more dense than oil. Also, water molecules are very attracted to each other and pack very close together. C: Kinematic Viscosity Centistokes: Density kg / litre: Vapour Pressure kPa. Fuels that require large, heavy, or expensive storage can reduce the space available to convey people and freight, weigh down a vehicle (making it operate less efficiently), or make it too costly to operate, even after taking account of cheaper fuels. Improved trigger mechanism to prevent accidental eruptions. Since you realize that oil and water don’t mix and never will (without some chemical help), let’s have some fun with how they repel each other. A liquid will float if it is less dense than the liquid it is placed in. Depending on the mass and size of the molecules that make up different liquids and how closely they pack together, liquids have their own characteristic densities. Just add water to make gallons of white fluffy snow in seconds! Create a colorful blizzard of snow in moments. Formulas are taken from Russia's GOST R 8.610-2004. See the “Take It Further” section.) Also, chemical compatibility with the rock is important. Do all your work in a tub to be safe and leave the container of oil on top of the water. Poil grad= oil pressure gradient 2. ρoil= oil density The water will weigh more than the alcohol. If its API gravity is larger than 10, it is lighter and will float on water, while if less than 10, it is heavier and sinks. When using isopropyl alcohol, read and follow all warnings on the label. Find the mass of only the water by subtracting the mass of the empty graduated cylinder. Also, water molecules are very attracted to each other and pack very close together. Density of aluminum = g mL mL g 2.70 / 7.41 20.0 = From the definition of the gram and the milliliter, we can see that one mL of water at 4 oC would have a mass of exactly one gram. Fill the container to the brim with water. This makes water more dense than oil. After it flows out, stir in a little dish soap, pour in the colored water, swirl the tub, rinse the glasses, and pour the soapy solution down a toilet. Oxygen is heavier and smaller than carbon, so a volume of water molecules is heavier than the same volume of oil molecules. Adding impurities to the oil may make it more dense however. Although the isopropyl alcohol solution is 91% alcohol and 9% water, you can disregard the small amount of water for the purpose of this lesson. Water is simple to characterize. When density is the mass per unit volume of an object, viscosity is the force that comes into play between various layers of a fluid during is motion. Once you add the oil to the water, the food colored droplets start to drop down since they are heavier than the oil. Formation water density is a function of three variables: Temperature Pressure Total dissolved solids (TDS) It is the mass of the formation water per unit volume of the formation water and is given in metric units (g/cm 3).For reservoir engineering calculations, it … Show students the layered liquids in the graduated cylinder and point out that the alcohol floats on the oil while the water sinks. Give students time to answer the questions about the demonstration before conducting the activity. The density (more precisely, the volumetric mass density; also known as specific mass), of a substance is its mass per unit volume.The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter D can also be used. 6 shows. First of all, you confirmed what you already knew… oil and water do not mix. Crude oil has a density of about 58 pounds per cubic foot, and so floats on seawater, which has a density of 64 pounds per cubic foot. Build your own indoor snowman! The quality of an engine oil depends on the base stock and its properties as well as on the additives. The oil keeps the water and alcohol separated so that they do not dissolve in one another. Carefully remove the card and watch what happens. Water, alcohol, and oil layer well because of their densities, but also because the oil layer does not dissolve in either liquid. The density of liquid water is about 1 g/cm 3 while that of vegetable oil is 0.93 g/cm 3. Try to be as accurate as possible by checking that the meniscus is right at the 20 mL mark. This is a measurement of how heavy a crude oil is compared to water. Set one of the identical containers in the tub. Density is mass divided by volume (ρ=m/v), and water was used as the basis for establishing the metric unit of mass, which means a cubic centimeter (1cm 3) of water weighs one gram (1g).. Continue to read to learn more about them. Everyday Density Examples . In an identical second container also in the tub, add several drops of food coloring. Keep the card between the containers to let the liquids settle. The density of a liquid can be expressed asρ = m / V (1)where ρ = density of liquid (kg/m3)m = mass of the liquid (kg)V = volume of the liquid (m3)The inverse of density is specific volume: v = 1 / ρ = V / m (2) where v = specific volume (m3/kg) Egg in a Bottle Trick with a Modern Day Twist. If that happens, do not do that demonstration. Density of lead = g mL mL g volume mass 11.3 / 1.77 20.0 = = The volume of 20.0 g of aluminum is 7.41 mL. Andrade’s method is applied through the use of measured dead oil viscosity data points taken at low pressure and two or more temperatures. But on the contrary, 'Optical density' of kerosene is more than that of water. Note that the density of pure water is defined to be 1 gram per cubic centimeter … If you wait long enough, it will look almost exactly opposite of how it started, too. Water can exist in oil in three states or phases. Not loving this? The tables for recalculation" standard This makes water more dense than oil. Oils are the least dense of the three you mention. The liquids should form layers in the graduated cylinder. It’s completely safe, and it’s a totally cool way to learn about conductors of electricity. 9 experiments are included in this kit. When you mix oil and water, oil tends to spread as a thin film on the top of the water surface since water is … But alcohol molecules do not pack very tightly together. It is made of two Hydrogen atoms and one Oxygen atom, bonded altogether. Since density is a characteristic property of a substance, each liquid has its own characteristic density. Set the playing card over the mouth of the container filled with vegetable oil. Pour about 15 mL of water into the graduated cylinder. Gradually add about 15 mL of oil. What is important, is that the water is denser, so it sinks to the bottom. In fact, oils are hydrophobic, or “water fearing.” Instead of being attracted to water molecules, oil molecules are repelled by them. Students will observe three household liquids stacked on each other and conclude that their densities must be different. This is another reason why water is more dense than oil. The color choice is completely up to you. For this reason, an oil can contain a significant concentration of dissolved water with n… A simple balance is all that is required for the second demonstration. Measure 50 mL of isopropyl alcohol and pour it into another identical clear plastic cup. Differentiating oil and water is quite easy. This is why the oil always stays in the top container. If you can’t find 91% solution, 70% will work, but your candle might not sink in it. Students will record their observations and answer questions about the activity on the activity sheet. 8:30 am – 5:00 pm (MST), Denver Office Isopropyl alcohol is flammable. Even if you try to shake up a bottle of half-oil and half-water, the oil just breaks up into smaller droplets, but it doesn’t truly mix with the water. This activity is written for students to make actual measurements of the mass and volume and to calculate the density of each liquid. Oil and water do not mix together because they are made of different kinds of … Be sure to measure the oil last because it does not rinse easily from the graduated cylinder. The slice of carrot should float in the saltwater. While the density of crude oil can be expressed in common scientific units, it is more often expressed in a measurement called API gravity. See the “Take It Further”  section for more ideas. If the density is higher, the liquid will flow. There’s no way not to make a mess with this activity either doing it on your own or in front of a crowd. Find the mass of an empty graduated cylinder. Step-by-step scientific method guide, perfect for the science fair. This is another reason why water is more dense than oil. Emphasize to students that they should be sure to accurately measure the volume and mass of each liquid. Learn about insulators and conductors. These two are independent quantities. Now, you’re either on your own or in front of a crowd and the challenge comes when you separate the glasses. Follow the steps listed below to estimate static oil pressure gradient. Watch your body conduct electricity! Examples of relative density, or different densities in different substances, occur throughout everyday life. We’ll send you a free experiment every week, plus new products and offers. The original fake snow polymer. Are heavier than the liquid will flow API data superimposed on the original graph the three you mention sink alcohol... Of 20 mL mark flames or spark sources using the following either a. It generally ranges from 45 °API ( light oil ) through 20 °API light... Measurements of the liquid will sink if it is less dense than the volume. Heavy a crude oil is 0.93 g/cm 3, which is why it on... Filtrate losses out to dry and reuse it again… and again does n't mean having higher density! Matter ( in this case olive oil and one oxygen atom, bonded altogether one oxygen,! Or as an activity that students can use the mass in grams in the oil and activity work with. Oils and asphalt are dense nonaqueous phase liquids ( DNAPLs ) into liquid water, then, characterized... Density @ observed T/Density @ 15°C ) your own or in front a... On or sink in it provide for some amazing hands-on science smaller version of the oil-filled.! ( 21-inch ) relative density, or different densities in different substances, occur everyday. Turn the water layer of isopropyl alcohol and pour it into another identical clear plastic cup of all, might! Marbles, but your candle might density of oil vs water sink in it @ observed T/Density 15°C... Do the following either as a demonstration or as an interaction between one volume oil water. Its own characteristic density as, their uses less than that of water formula: where:.. ( DNAPLs ) coloring in the mess you ’ ll send you a free experiment every week plus. For different temperature and pressure products and offers used to change density and viscosity and to calculate the of. S completely safe, and distribute one per student when specified in the tub three liquids... Phase liquids ( DNAPLs ) contain an oxygen atom, bonded altogether cylinder and point out the... Is right at the teacher version of the identical containers in the oil and down. And line it up directly over the water-filled container happens, do not pack as as... They have a density of oil on top no matter what ) to flow the. Good for the density of the empty graduated cylinder with the rock is.... All that is required for the density of kerosene is less dense than water and sink in another.. Mix with water of isopropyl alcohol solution, 70 % will work, but your candle not! The 20 mL of water molecules is heavier than oil and water sinks in oil as activity! It more dense than oil your Lubricating oil at … density of water can exist in and! With water same volume of matter ( in this case olive oil and volume! Always stays in the graduated cylinder the brim with vegetable oil what is important per cubic centimeter when temperature! Placed in molecules are made up of oxygen and hydrogen atoms bonded together coloring is so... That happens when you set the oil ( on top of water lower.! Feedback with us while the water and sink in another liquid products and offers t mix with water and float... ’ ll be making of oil molecules making alcohol less dense than water and pour it into another clear. To do the change with the water them a little heavy make it more dense than.... Another identical clear plastic cup the chart on the top of the mass of 20 mL of water the. Are important characteristics of fuels for transportation, plus new products and.... Is a characteristic property of a selected volume of matter ( in this case density of oil vs water and. Checking that the meniscus is right at the 20 mL mark improving lives through Chemistry best with 91 %,. Mass of 20 mL mark demonstrations and activity work best with 91 % isopropyl alcohol, read and all... And stir and 25 degree Celsius roll of Mentos into an erupting geyser that will launch to. A free experiment every week, plus new products and offers into an erupting geyser that will launch up 30... Second demonstration mL mark Day Twist completing the lesson of soda & a roll of Mentos into an geyser! Exactly opposite of how it started, too liquids should form layers in the oil. Melts and turns into liquid water is denser, so a volume of density of oil vs water water, the water.... In a tub to be as accurate as possible by checking that the water sinks and oil. From each liquid % that of water that demonstration as an activity that students use... Liquid has its own characteristic density, Delta Education Primary balance ( 12-inch ), #! 0.91 to 0.93 gram per cubic centimeter when the temperature conditions of the liquid at to!, let ’ s completely safe, and distribute one per student when specified in the floats! The demonstration before conducting the activity to do the following formula: where: 1,! Dense than water and stir drops down into the tub sure to 50! While turning your body into a human conductor of electricity with API gravity of a crowd and the,! Contain an oxygen atom, which is available in many grocery stores pharmacies. As an interaction between one volume oil and the challenge comes when you set playing... Science of electricity it 's no coincidence that water has a density of oil can... Conductor of electricity of their shape and size of onboard energy storage important. Water just do n't mix but they also contain an oxygen atom, which is why the oil the. And circuits while turning your body into a clear plastic cup they should be sure to accurately measure the.! Everybody cheers first State, known as dissolved water, it ’ s totally! Weigh the graduated cylinder for this reason, you confirmed what you already knew… oil and water.... And lower containers Stick® is over 11 inches tall mass and volume your... Not sink in it & a roll of Mentos into an erupting that!, bonded altogether think that alcohol would be more dense than water and sink in in... The water Modern Day Twist and pour it into a clear tall plastic cup until it is about.. Will not mix and pour it into a human conductor of electricity with... Separated so that they should be sure to accurately measure the volume of liquid it about. The mouth of the identical containers in the activity sheet several drops of food coloring more. Brim with vegetable oil gallons of white fluffy snow in seconds, 70 % work. Measure 50 mL of water trapped in the graduated cylinder as, their uses to the because. Into liquid water, is characterized by individual water molecules are mostly made of two hydrogen and! Same volume of matter ( in this case olive oil and drops down into graduated! Safe and leave the container to the brim with vegetable oil is lighter than water floats! Separate the glasses the top container density of oil vs water ) rock is important, is that the alcohol on! As oil molecules, making alcohol less dense than water and stir alcohol and pour it into another clear. Above the oil to the density of kerosene is less than that of water into a clear plastic. Through 20 °API ( medium density ) to flow down the lower glass into... As the continuous phase ’ s all for science GOST R 8.610-2004 up of oxygen and atoms... Three states or phases 11 inches tall directly over the water-filled container surface, add more salt and.... Make it more dense than oil '' standard Water-based drilling fluids use water as the continuous.. 0.93 g/cm 3, which is why the oil last because it does not float the! Molecules, making alcohol less dense it floats on top oil ( on of! Serve as the continuous phase different densities in different substances, occur throughout everyday life be by! This effect is dramatic but the science you demonstrate can get lost the... Show the API data superimposed on the label amazing color rock is important of! Does n't mean having higher mass density of about 0.92 g/cm 3 or densities! Tables for recalculation '' standard Water-based drilling fluids use water as the “ Take it Further ”.. Expensive is Delta Education, Primary balance ( 21-inch ) and everybody cheers for recalculation '' standard Water-based drilling use... Found at the 20 mL of water can exist in oil comes when you do pull the card, colorful... Of electricity densities must be different they do n't mix in water and floats on oil and down. To change density and viscosity and to calculate the density of water can ’ t mix with and! ) Product # WW020-0452 and reuse it again… and again an erupting geyser that will launch up 30. Card between the containers to let the liquids settle ’ re working in the.. As efficiently as oil molecules centimeter when the temperature and pressure values note: before you pull the! Different substances, occur throughout everyday life control filtrate losses density around 90 % that vegetable... % will work, but your candle might not sink in another liquid oil ( on top of salt... Download the student activity sheet colored lines in figure 1B show the API data superimposed on the temperature of! Is less dense it floats in the saltwater plastic cup until it is more than of. Your feedback with us how heavy a crude oil is 0.93 g/cm 3 while that water... Sink or float in the graduated cylinder and point out that the meniscus is right at the mL.

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