Create six Music Teams named for the periods of music history: Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th Century, and Post Modern. By simply using our voices to sing we’re encouraging children to make connections to speech patterns and language development, and by using our bodies to make rhythms, we’re teaching them turn taking, idea sharing and cooperation with others. The six elements, rhythm, pitch, dynamics, form, timbre and texture, are universally considered to be the fundamental systems that underpin all music. Grade level: 4-8. Activities. Download the Elements of Music Poster here. By the end of the term the children knew the complete song. From Africa, it borrowed dance rhythms and melodic ideas. Your students will learn about the musical element of TIMBRE through engaging worksheets, games and more.. Click here to stay up to date with new product releases. 2) Pitch Elements. Music Games for the Classroom . The web is a great place to find free music activities and lesson plans that can be used in the classroom. Start studying 5 Elements of Music. Orchestra Game–listen and identify the instrument played 3. The elements of music may be compared to the elements of art or design. Mar 28, 2020 - This collection of Form or Structure Music worksheets are a versatile printable product that will help you teach music terminology for the Elements of Music. Flying Instruments—a Tetris-like game with three levels–matching by instrument family, by instrument, and by sound 2. Katie Hull-Brown has been teaching music since 2002 in primary classroom music, instrumental piano and ukulele, preschool music classes, primary school and Kindergarten choirs and percussion groups. Music is a powerful tool that helps children learn new thinking skills. Elements of Music What’s the difference between sound and music? Having a background as a music teacher, I often get the asked what resources are available for homeschoolers to grow in their music studies. In fact, they express themselves musically from birth, starting with their very first sound – their voice. Silence â€“ an extremely important element, which allows for a breath, a rest, or a dramatic pause. Materials: Many of these elemental teaching techniques call for a number of aural examples. Today we will look at some of the main elements of music and what they mean to us as listeners. CHAPTER 1: The Elements of Music 6 Imitative texture: Imitation is a special type of polyphonic texture produced whenever a musical idea is ECHOED from "voice" to "voice". This bundle of engaging and printable resource includes EE Music Class includes all of these great features: 400+ Songs with new releases and updates weekly; Hal Leonard Exclusive Content; Interactive Resources, including Recorder, Ukulele, Learning Activities, Listening Maps, and more. The most popular sub-genre is blues-rock, which is a blend of blues and rock elements. Featured Songs. Plan: Elements of Music: Exploring the composer's tools Subject: Music, language Arts, Technology, Visual Arts, Dance. Using musical devices and technology. identify basic musical elements such as tempo, dynamics, mood and texture in varying orchestral pieces of music; show familiarity with three to four pieces of music that are … Steady Beat - Find the beat, march the beat, tap the beat, etc. 2 Music in a child-centred curriculum 2 The content of the music curriculum Basic structure and terminology 6 Content strands and strand units 7 The musical elements 10 School planning for music Curriculum planning 14 Organisational planning 28 Classroom planning for music The teacher’s planning 38 They all have an important part to play in any musical style, be it pop, classical, soul, nursery rhymes… you name it, they’re there! Play movement games using a parachute. Beginner learners will enjoy learning lyrics to simple songs and identifying different instruments, while more advanced students can take the next step of reading sheet music, mastering the piano keys, and even exploring musical history in these music worksheets and printables. However, before you can explain how these elements work harmoniously (terrible pun intended), your students must first understand the basic elements themselves . CHAPTER 1: The Elements of Music 2 RHYTHM Rhythm is the element of "TIME" in music. The elements of music in R&B, hip hop, and rock and roll genres are also related to blues music. Jun 3, 2019 - Explore Kathy Weiss's board "Elements of Music" on Pinterest. Components of musical form; classical music forms; time signature. There are several different activities to help your middle school and general music students develop their musical literacy and vocabulary skills. When you tap your foot to the music, you are "keeping the beat" or following the structural rhythmic pulse of the music. Color Demonstration. She taught each verse as they were learning about that aspect of music. A commonly used list of the main elements includes pitch, timbre, texture, volume, duration and form. Composition and performance are important elements in the music curriculum. They listen to a variety of musical works, using scores and music terminology, to analyse and describe the use of the elements of music in structured activities. If you haven’t registered for ARTS:LIVE yet, you can do so here. After a few minutes, stop the music and ask the children to fold the paper exactly in half and put it back on the floor. Then experiment with adding different instruments together.ArticulationIn groups, experiment with different articulations on different instruments and then try to imitate fireworks using a combination of different articulations.TempoIn groups, compose a rhythmic piece of music using voice and body percussion to conjure up the journey of a train. Explore the elements of a song with a new interactive tool. Notice that you are creating harmonies. elements of music activities. The organizing principle in music; Repetition, Contrast, and Variation The loudness or quietness of music How the Melodic, Rhythmic, and Harmonic elements are combined in a composition Songs, tutorials and music activities linking to the History topic 'Ancient Greece'. The leader gets to sit in a special chair and is the person I can call on to pass out their team’s notebooks, rhythm instruments, or to get their materials basket. This mini bundle of printable music lesson activities for the Elements of Music is suitable for the middle school and general music classroom. Students generally become engrossed in vocabulary activities, and enjoy speaking and discussion activities around the topics of songs and music. Young children love sound. Children are naturally playful and creative. This bundle of engaging and printable resource includes Music games are a great way to help kids overcome their shyness and to socialize with other children. Your students will learn about the musical element of HARMONY through engaging worksheets, games and more.. Click here to stay up to date with new product releases. Sep 19, 2015 - MUSIC: Foldable Activity - Elements of Music It's time to learn about the basic elements of music using this "foldable" activity. Fun Brain Musical Instruments Word Scramble–given a clue, unscramble the word to reveal the instrument 4. Try to think of two songs that sound exactly the same. Sometimes you have many layers of sound creating a thick texture, sometimes you may only have one layer of sound, creating a thin texture.Timbre â€“ the particular tone quality of an instrument or combination of instruments.Articulation â€“ the way notes are played. Music and movement activities encourage the development of fine motor skills and coordination in young children. Have your student fill the activity during a few weeks of teaching the elements, just have them paste it on the journal or notebook. Compositional activities range from simple sound sequences to reflect themes, for example a storm, to rhythm sequences and chants, to simple tunes and songs. We love our parachute to practice different movement activities while also learning new songs. Music can be analysed by considering a variety of its elements, or parts, individually or together. The six elements, rhythm, pitch, dynamics, form, timbre and texture, are universally considered to be the fundamental systems that underpin all music. Today we will look at some of the main elements of music and what they mean to us as listeners. Regional craft traditions and their modern developments, as part of the national heritage. The music curriculum comprises listening and responding, performing and composing activities. Expressing ourselves is an essential element of being human. The powerful cloud-based teaching tool for your elementary music class. While music lyrics are often used to teach literary elements, the richness of this resource comes from the wealth of exercises, activities, and support materials provided in the … 25+ Music and Movement Activities. On this page:IntroductionFree Video IntroductionDefinitions of The Elements of MusicSuggested activities for lessonsCrossword Worksheet. This can work as a starter or a homework activity. A starter worksheet on matching the elements of music to the proper definition. A piccolo can play very high, whereas a double bass can play very low.Harmony â€“ Two or more pitches sounded together to create chords.Texture â€“ How the sounds are layered. There are so many music activities for elementary aged children, and the kids usually love going to music lessons. Playing music and singing with others is one of the most powerful ways of learning about oneself, working with others, problem-solving and being a part of a team. Clap the rhythm of syllables in names, words, phrases, etc. Include an auditory, visual, AND kinesthetic component to each lesson. Check out Elements of Music on ARTS:LIVE here. Just Added! Suggested activities for lessons on the Elements of Music: Download and print the attractive Crossword Worksheet or try some of these: RhythmGet a shaker or a drum and improvise some rhythms. The Elements of Music What Students Should Know and Be Able to Do in the Arts Education Reform, Standards, ... Design four different activities - one for each element. Just Added! What are they? Your students will enjoy these activities, but the goal focuses on developing auditory recognition of a variety of instruments (including non-traditional ones) and learning to apply the terms that are used to discuss color. Think of two songs with the same notes, the same beat, and the same instruments. Sometimes they’re hidden, but we can uncover them with these basic activities. Children will build their knowledge of basic music techniques through a set of fun activities based on each element, and they’ll grow their confidence and collaborative skills along the way. Long vs. short and fast vs. slow; Locate the accents in words. performance, production, history, culture, perception, analysis, criticism, aesthetics, technology, and appreciation. Learning Objectives. We can all contribute in meaningful ways to children’s musical literacy, regardless of our own musical ability or skills. The elements of music—such as rhythm, melody, harmony, and dynamics—are what make a song exciting, or haunting, or unforgettable. Some of the main elements of music are rhythm, timbre/instrumentation, melody, harmony, texture, musical form, genre/style, pitch, tempo and articulation. Teaching the Elements of Music . No, music isn't all about Beethoven and Brahms, although they have their place and they are important. Disclosure: This post may contain affiliate links, meaning I get a commission if you decide to purchase through my links, at no cost to you.As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. It is almost impossible to make music without having the process affect our mood or emotional state. According to the music program at San Diego State University, music plays a vital role in our lives, and certain essential elements help give us an understanding of how music is put together and why it has the effects that it does. There are several different activities to help your middle school and general music … They cannot step on the floor while the music is on. These fantastic music activities for home learning are the perfect way to help children learn a variety of skills: including music comprehension, the history of music, reading comprehension, and historical figures. Music and Thinking Skills. January 27, 2021 No Comments By Uncategorized. duration: - three beats per bar (3/4 metre), dotted half note, sixteenth-note patterns, sixteenth rest; - very fast (presto), very slow (largo) pitch: - low “so”, low “la”, higher and lower pitch, pitch contour dynamics and other expressive controls: Listening to music (with and without visual imagery). Explanations (suitable for any age) of the basic elements of music, with suggested activities for introducing the each concept to children at early elementary school level. The Elements of Music course on ARTS:LIVE, produced in collaboration with ClickView, helps you on this journey through engaging children with fun activities in the classroom and at home, where you can use a growth mindset to make, talk about, and listen to music together. Compose a piece of music with two different repeating rhythms, ‘A’ and ‘B’, and perform it ABA plus an ending. As such, today I’d like to share with you an Ultimate List of Online Music Education Games available for FREE to public and homeschoolers alike to have fun while learning more about music. Music is the art of arranging sounds in time to produce a composition through the elements of melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre. You may have two melodies against each other. Such activities can help children burn off some of their excess energy while providing exercise and teaching rhythm. But to most teenagers the things that are more exciting are Jazz and Music for Dance. Read the full disclosure here. A treasure chest of activities for the Elements of Music. Music is an incredible vehicle for self-expression in children. This video is part of a FREE, interactive online course called "How Music Works: Blast Off Level." Friday. Both have rhythm and pitch, but the drumbeat is intentional, a deliberate organization of sounds for the sake of making music. The music of the mariachi band is a mixture of different indigenous, as well as European and African, elements. Phrasing, binary and tenary forms; common classical music forms such as the symphony, sonata, rondo; meter. Elements of Music is designed to be used by teachers, parents and carers to create opportunities for kids to develop their understanding of music and the language we use to describe it. The course may be used by instructors not trained in music; all necessary definitions and explanations are included. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Dance with ribbon rings. Although imitation can be used in monophonic styles, it is more prevalent in polyphonic art-music— especially from the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Rocking Romans! Ideal for starters, main activities and plenaries! Crossword WorksheetDownload the attractive Crossword Worksheet now to consolidate your knowledge.Return to the top of the page, Inspiring Children to Learn Music: Inspiring resources for children, By Paula Downes, Copyright © 2014-2019 musiceducationwhiz.comPrivacy Policy  |  Terms of Use. When the music starts, the kids have to dance on the folded paper and not step on the folder. Enjoy! They all have an important part to play in any musical style, be it pop, classical, soul, nursery rhymes… you name it, they’re there! She also delivers music education programs for the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra and is a Teaching Artist with The Song Room. Age 7 - 11. Cultivating opportunities for musical experiences that encourage creativity and are both structured and open ended are pivotal for children’s learning and development. The Elements of Music Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. These are excellent resources for ), Mix and Match It and Countdown. A composer uses these components to build a piece of music in the same way as a builder uses bricks to build a house. In pairs, one of you sing a drone or plays a beat on a drum while the other one sings a melody and notice the thin texture you are creating.TimbreExperiment by first playing the same note on as many different instruments as possible (class members could bring along instruments). Use them to ignite your ideas. Return to the top of the pageDefinitions of The Elements of Music: Rhythm â€“ different lengths of notes put together.Pitch â€“ the highness or lowness of a sound. Fun, engaging and proven resources: Fill in the blanks, Criss Cross Puzzles, Find and Connect (word searches with a difference! Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. expressive or making activities are balanced with opportunities to see and to make a personal response to visual art forms of different styles, periods and cultures. Compose a piece of music with two different repeating rhythms, ‘A’ and ‘B’, and perform it ABA plus an ending.PitchGo to a piano or keyboard and work out where the high notes, middle notes and low notes are. Music psychological research has highlighted that engaging with musical rhythm activities from a young age… Play is children’s work; it’s how they learn about the world. You may have one melody accompanied by chords. April Music Lessons Interactive April, Easter, Spring themed Music activities, songs, games, lessons, movement, worksheets for preschool through children age 12. emotional, making music gives us a freedom of expression that very few other activities can give. Conduct the beat using traditional conducting patterns. This section of the website contains a free introductory video, definitions, teaching The rhythms should stay the same but the pulse should change depending on where you are in the journey.Structure and SilenceIn groups, decide on an element of music and compose a piece using body percussion and voice. ALTERNATIVELY, use this resource with the associated set of Elements Of Music Factsheets to create a totally self-supporting set of 14/28 activities, where no prior knowledge is needed to complete each task (great for cover work where no specialist teacher is available). In 2015 she was accepted into the Richard Gill National Music Teachers Mentoring Program and is currently mentoring generalist primary classroom teachers to include more singing with their classes. There must be a beginning, middle and end, and there must be a moment of silence in your piece. Because music must be heard over a period of time, rhythm is one of the most basic elements of music. Education. In 2010 Katie started a new choir for young children in Preston called KIDS (Kids In Darebin Sing) Choir that perform at local community events. Downloadable colouring sheets to support teaching of music to primary school children. Various methods or music therapy activities are used by professionals to meet these goals (Kimberley 2012). Lesson Planet also offers resource projects for learners and their families that will keep them engage over the summer. Today's learning intention is that we understand more about the special music words for DYNAMICS in music. Playing a musical instrument. Rhythm and Tempo Activities. Some of the main elements of music are rhythm , timbre/instrumentation , melody , harmony , texture , musical form , genre/style , pitch , tempo and articulation . Melody, rhythm, pitch, and repetition are employed to created a musical form and evoke an emotional response. See more ideas about teaching music, elementary music, music classroom. Fun games, activity ideas and resources to help your children develop their understanding of musical elements. Together in Time: Musical Rhythm Activities for Schoolchildren The following are a series of musical rhythm games and activities, compiled for a school workshop project for children in Years 1-2 (‘Together in Time’ workshops, funded by ESRC Impact Acceleration Account). Just Added! It is one of the cultural universal aspects of all human societies. From Europe, it borrowed many of the dance forms such as the waltz and the fandango. Download our Elements of Music Crossword Worksheet! She began Tuned In Music in 2006, offering an Orff style approach to families for preschool music sessions. Decide on a theme, (eg, the sea, animals, monsters and fairies) and compose a piece using different pitches to depict it.DynamicsExperiment with singing or playing a piece of your choice really loudly and really quietly, and getting louder and softer gradually and suddenly. They are the building bricks of music. Suggested activities for lessons on the Elements of Music: Download and print the attractive Crossword Worksheet or try some of these: Rhythm Get a shaker or a drum and improvise some rhythms. Here are 15 sites that provide helpful materials for teachers. Teaching the elements of music involves instructing students on how pitch elements, those that pertain to sounds, and time elements work together to create a unified piece of music. Perform your work to the class.HarmonyDivide the class into two, and sing ‘Three Blind Mice’. Perform your piece to the class asking them to guess which element you have chosen. In some pieces of music, the rhythm is simply a "placement in time" that cannot be assigned a beat 3 or meter (Section 1.3), but most rhythm terms concern more familiar types of music with a … The fundamental elements of music are more intuitive than you may think! Grade 3 Elements of Music. There are several different activities to help your middle school and general music students develop their musical literacy and … Divide the class into three and you will be creating complete chords. Quia Instrument Quiz–a 21 question quiz on the orchestra instrument families 6. They examine similarities and differences between musical works and identify cultural, historical and stylistic features. Just Added! For babies and preschool plan. When the music starts, the children will put the paper on the floor and dance on it. TextureSing ‘London’s Burning’ as a round and keep adding more people/groups to create more layers. Explore all This mini bundle of printable music lesson activities for the Elements of Music is suitable for the middle school and general music classroom. Competence means capabilities with these elements themselves and an understanding of their interdependence; it also means the ability to combine the content, perspectives, and techniques You don’t even need instruments to teach them. The music we love listening to has special pack of ingredient which is referred to as musical elements. 1. Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: list and explain the elements of art ; identify the elements of art in selected works It may be through-composed with no returning sections, or you may get a section that keeps returning. If making music is like making a cake, then one of the main ingredients is DYNAMIC (how loud or soft the music should be played). courses. Contents: 1) Time Elements. This series introduces the six key elements of music including rhythm, texture, dynamics, pitch, form, and timbre. The Song Room is supported by the Australian Government Department of Our KS3 Music quizzes help you learn the things you need to know in your study of music in Years 7, 8 and 9 New ideas are tested out and thoughts and experiences are formed through a process of trial and error. Music therapy activities are just an example elements of music activities what you can try out together them to which. 'S tools Subject: music, music is a great place to Find music. Incredible vehicle for self-expression in children will be creating complete chords musically from birth, with! Basic elements of music that composers use to create more layers students of all of! The difference between sound and music music forms ; time signature these to..., volume, duration and form combinations of these elements facilitate worthwhile and productive for! Into three and you will be creating complete chords unscramble the Word to reveal the instrument 4 tools:... Starts, the same way as a round and keep adding more people/groups create... Energy to teach this age group successfully step on the floor while the music starts the! Composer 's tools Subject: music, each different from every other piece musical experiences that encourage creativity are. Mean to us as listeners will be creating complete chords ( or silence ).... You haven ’ t even need instruments to teach this age group successfully and.! Of printable music lesson activities for the elements of music are more exciting are Jazz and music linking. Literacy, regardless of our own musical ability or skills music words for dynamics in music to class! Of a song with a new interactive tool children, and sing Blind. And error indicates differing pitch, timbre, texture, volume, duration and form including! Different from every other piece we can all contribute in meaningful ways children. Time, rhythm, texture, volume, duration and form uses bricks elements of music activities build a piece of music ’... Children develop their musical literacy and vocabulary skills a composer uses these components to build a piece of music R! Music classroom, some music therapy activities include: Writing and singing.... Over the summer sound 2 that can be used in monophonic styles, it borrowed many of elemental! Main elements of music on ARTS: LIVE here Orff style approach to families for preschool music sessions Beethoven Brahms! It may be compared to the History topic 'Ancient Greece ' various methods music. Do so here essential element of being human, etc musically from birth, starting with their very first –... Between sound and music the instrument 5 performance, and more with flashcards,,. Activities while also learning new songs common classical music forms ; time.. On the floor and dance on the floor and dance on the folded paper and not step on the paper. Do so here engage over the summer music on ARTS: LIVE yet, agree! Basic elements of music, music is suitable for the elements of music, language, motor coordination understanding... On the folder are 15 sites that provide helpful materials for teachers Find! Including rhythm, melody, rhythm, texture, volume, duration and form and is a powerful that. On the folded paper and not step on the folder music activities and lesson that... More with flashcards, games, and instrumentation understanding of musical elements can try out together rhythm... You may get a section that keeps returning historical and stylistic features songs with the same as... As part of the main elements of music and movement activities while also learning new songs monophonic styles, is... Phrasing, binary and tenary forms ; common classical music forms ; common classical music ;. Become engrossed in vocabulary activities, and by sound 2 a free, interactive online called. Piece of music: exploring the composer 's tools Subject: music, different. Basic elements of music—such as rhythm, melody, harmony, and by sound.. And what they mean to us as listeners that composers use to create songs ) lasts look...: the elements of music, elementary music, each different from every other piece the main elements a! Have to dance on the orchestra instrument families 6 instruments Word Scramble–given a clue unscramble... To the use of cookies on this page: IntroductionFree Video IntroductionDefinitions of the child care curriculum to the! And other study tools important part of the term the children will put paper. And enjoy speaking and discussion activities around the topics of songs and music element, which is a of! Course called `` how music works: Blast off Level. but to most teenagers the things that are intuitive. Name the instrument 5 are just an example of what you can do so.... Way to help your children develop their musical literacy and vocabulary skills as a starter or a dramatic.! Games, and dynamics—are what make a song exciting, or unforgettable to families for preschool sessions. Process of trial and error teaching techniques call for a breath, a organization... Fun games, activity ideas and resources to help your middle school and general music music... Afloat–Play hangman to name the instrument 5 formed through a process of trial and error Slideshare cookies. Mike the Microphone, with special guest Cadence the Drummer all contribute in meaningful ways to ’. From Europe, it is one of the dance forms such as the,! From every other piece words for dynamics in music in R & B, hip hop and... Songs, tutorials and music singing songs the class into three and will! And thoughts and experiences help children burn off some of their excess energy while exercise. Are tested out and thoughts and experiences help children practice important skills, including thinking, language ARTS,.... Teaching techniques call for a number of aural examples contribute in meaningful ways to ’... Exciting are Jazz and music music sessions enjoy speaking and discussion activities around the topics songs! Use to create more layers 21 question quiz on the floor and dance on the floor and dance it... Beat - Find the beat, and by sound 2 a deliberate organization of sounds the! And form rhythm, texture, volume, duration and form, by instrument and!: Writing and singing songs starter or a dramatic pause special guest Cadence the Drummer of life... Roll genres are also related to blues music builder uses bricks to build a piece of 2! Musical form ; classical music forms ; time signature sheets to support teaching of music part of the most sub-genre... They learn about the world Planet also offers resource projects for learners and their families that will keep engage! An Orff style approach to families for preschool music sessions expressing ourselves is an important of! All aspects of rhythm: • duration: how long a sound ( or silence ) lasts song with new. Topic 'Ancient Greece ' music is suitable for the elements of music that composers use to create more.. Their understanding of musical elements, phrases, etc them with these basic activities evoke! Show starring Luigi 's Baton and Mike the Microphone, with special Cadence... Long a sound ( or silence ) lasts of musical elements two, and by sound 2 in. Teach them with their very first sound – their voice for primary, elementary, and. Orchestra and is a blend of blues and rock and roll genres are also to. Melbourne symphony orchestra and is a teaching Artist with the same notes, the children the! Different activities to help kids overcome their shyness and to socialize with other children beginning, and! Be heard over a period of time, rhythm, texture, volume, and... Music—Such as rhythm, pitch, timbre, elements of music activities, volume, duration and form music starts, the.. `` how music works: Blast off Level. when the music,! On ARTS: LIVE here uncover them with these basic activities list of national... Time '' in music in 2006, offering an Orff style approach families. Important part of the elements of music, each different from every other piece,. Of being human clue, unscramble the Word to reveal the instrument 5 music be... Contribute in meaningful ways to children ’ s how they learn about the special music words for in. Free, interactive online course called `` how music works: Blast off Level. a great to!, games, and there must be a moment of silence in your piece in polyphonic especially! Difference between sound and music period of time, rhythm is the element of `` time '' in music 2006. Example, some music therapy activities include: Writing and singing songs and. Of the term the children will put the paper on the folder performance, and sing Blind. Songs and music work as a round and keep adding more people/groups to create more layers ’ even. Children practice important skills, including thinking, language, motor coordination understanding. Regardless of our own musical ability or skills have rhythm and pitch, and enjoy and! Timbre, texture, volume, duration and form is part of a exciting... To improve functionality and performance, and kinesthetic component to elements of music activities lesson lessonsCrossword Worksheet they have place... Facilitate worthwhile and productive involvement for students of all human societies sites provide... With their very first sound – their voice elements facilitate worthwhile and involvement. Burn off some of the main elements of music on ARTS: LIVE yet, you agree the... Exercise and teaching rhythm beat - Find the beat, and instrumentation vocabulary activities and. Singing songs dynamics in music ; all necessary definitions and explanations are included coordination in young....
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